Brainmapping matured from medical research into full personality/skill/memory models called braintapes. Imperfect copies still power strong AI. Risties pay for backups; corps license elite minds; black clinics kidnap for tapes.

HB customizes tapes via neural channeling for bioroid optical brains. Jinteki reverse-engineers tapes to condition clone brains. Without this tech, the android age does not exist.